Back to Stock Market Essentials
Checkpoint 2 of 3

How Stock Trading Works

4 min

Stock trading happens on exchanges where buyers and sellers meet. Understanding this process is key to becoming a confident investor.

Stock Exchanges

Exchanges like NYSE and NASDAQ are marketplaces where stocks are bought and sold. Think of them as farmers' markets for securities. They match buyers with sellers and ensure fair, transparent transactions.

Market Orders vs. Limit Orders

A market order executes immediately at the current price. A limit order only executes at your specified price or better. Market orders guarantee execution but not price; limit orders guarantee price but not execution.

Market Order
Buy 10 shares NOW at whatever the current price is
Fills instantly at $52.30/share
Limit Order
Buy 10 shares ONLY if price is $50.00 or less
Waits until price drops to $50 or below

Bid-Ask Spread

The bid is the highest price buyers will pay. The ask is the lowest price sellers will accept. The difference is the spread. Narrow spreads (a few cents) indicate liquid, actively traded stocks. Wide spreads suggest less trading activity.

Key Takeaways
  • Stock exchanges match buyers and sellers in a regulated marketplace
  • Market orders execute fast; limit orders give you price control
  • The bid-ask spread shows how liquid a stock is
Knowledge Check

Answer these questions to complete the checkpoint and unlock the next one.

1. What's the main advantage of a limit order over a market order?